Pediatric Cerebral Dysfunction Practice Test

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• A 7-year-old presents with morning headaches, vomiting, and papilledema. What are the immediate concerns and initial steps?
• In a neonate with suspected meningitis, which finding is commonly observed?
• Pediatric stroke is classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic. Which of the following are common etiologies?
• Which CSF profile is most consistent with viral meningitis?
• Which is a warning sign in a 12-month-old with cerebral palsy?
• Which of the following is NOT a warning sign of cerebral palsy at 12 months?
• Vaccines targeting which organisms have reduced the incidence of bacterial meningitis and CNS complications in children?
• A common first-line antiseizure medication for acute seizure cessation in a child is:
• What is the most common cause of cerebral palsy?
• In pediatric autoimmune encephalitis, name one common antibody and typical presenting neurologic features?
• In prevention of neural tube defects, which statement is correct?
• Which nonpharmacologic strategy is considered critical in the management of pediatric epilepsy?
• When taking the history of a child hospitalized with Reye's syndrome, the nurse should not be surprised that a week ago the child had recovered from which illness?
• Which statement about the presence of Moro, tonic neck, and withdrawal reflexes in a 2-month-old after a car accident is correct?
• Photophobia is a sign seen in which age group with meningitis?
• Which electrolytes should be closely monitored during pediatric seizures and antiseizure therapy?
• What is the typical approach to a breakthrough seizure in a child with known epilepsy?
• A typical neuropsychology evaluation in pediatric brain injury addresses which domains?
• Which imaging pattern is typical of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) as compared with pediatric multiple sclerosis?
• Which statement about the etiology of neural tube defects is most accurate?
• Which statement best differentiates a developmental language disorder from language impairment due to a neurological condition?
• Which set of reflexes is typically present in a healthy 2-month-old?
• The mother asks about meningitis prevention; the nurse should respond based on knowledge that...
• What is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and how does it typically present and appear on MRI?
• Pilocytic astrocytoma typically presents with which of the following symptom sets?
• The sunset sign in infants most likely indicates which of the following clinical issues?
• What does the concept of neuroplasticity imply for rehabilitation after pediatric brain injury?
• Which statement best describes developmental language disorder?
• Which pediatric brain tumor is commonly associated with visual loss and proptosis, especially in the setting of neurofibromatosis type 1?
• Which imaging study is typically first-line in an acutely ill child with suspected intracranial pathology and altered level of consciousness?
• In a simple febrile seizure, EEG is not routinely indicated; under which circumstances might EEG be ordered?
• Which statement best describes the purpose of early intervention in children with cerebral dysfunction?
• How should neurologic outcomes be documented and monitored after pediatric meningitis?
• Which MRI sequence is most useful for identifying acute infarcts?
• Mannitol reduces brain edema primarily by which mechanism?
• What defines status epilepticus in pediatrics and what is the initial management step?
• In sickle cell disease, pediatric stroke risk is increased primarily due to which mechanism?
• A shunt revision patient is at home; which positioning is safest?
• What is the typical age range for onset of childhood absence epilepsy?
• If a 2-year-old with cerebral palsy cannot sit up, which is the appropriate nurse response?
• Which EEG pattern is classically associated with absence seizures in pediatric patients?
• Which diaper practice is appropriate for a newborn with a repaired myelomeningocele?
• Describe the typical etiology and imaging hallmark of pediatric arterial ischemic stroke.
• What is the typical presentation of posterior fossa tumors in children?
• What is one key role of electroencephalography in the pediatric epilepsy workup?
• In a child admitted for head injury observation, which is the most essential part of the nursing assessment to detect early signs of a worsening condition?
• In pediatric traumatic brain injury, which imaging finding is most specific for diffuse axonal injury?
• Which sign would appear first with increased ICP after head trauma?
• A patient has no verbal or motor response to painful stimuli. What is the Glasgow Coma Scale score?
• What is the priority nursing intervention when a child is unconscious after a fall?
• Which statement best differentiates meningitis from encephalitis clinically and with basic tests?
• In neonatal seizures, which imaging modality is preferred for evaluation in the first hours, and when is CT used?
• Fixed and dilated pupils in a child with head injury most likely indicate
• Fontanelle status is a pediatric-specific sign most relevant to which age group?
• Which type of cerebral palsy is most common?
• When preparing a school-age child for a computed tomography (CT) scan to assess cerebral function, which statement should the nurse include?
• If shunt infection is suspected, which two emergency management steps are appropriate?
• What are common complications of pediatric meningitis?
• Which statement best differentiates Guillain-Barré syndrome from acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children?
• What distinguishes febrile seizures from epilepsy in children?
• In suspected pediatric CNS infection, how do MRI and CT compare regarding detail and radiation exposure?
• What is the standard multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitation after pediatric brain injury?
• Which pair of pathogens are commonly involved in meningitis in neonates?
• The priority of nursing care for a child admitted with suspected bacterial meningitis is to:
• Which of the following is a sign of increased ICP in infants?
• Which statement accurately describes the Glasgow Coma Scale?
• What is the role of MRI in pediatric cerebral dysfunction?
• How is neurodevelopmental delay in infants commonly assessed?
• Which statement best describes how neuropsychological assessments inform rehabilitation?
• A client with subdural hematoma is given mannitol for which purpose?
• Which posterior fossa tumor is typically a midline solid tumor with hydrocephalus and is more malignant, possibly involving the cerebellar peduncles?
• Which symptom would prompt immediate evaluation for possible increased ICP?
• A nurse is administering Pepto-Bismol to a 10-year-old with Reye's syndrome; priority action?
• How does sleep deprivation affect seizure risk in pediatric epilepsy?
• Which are leading causes of neonatal meningitis?
• What is a key acute management step for suspected bacterial meningitis in a child?
• Post craniotomy, which sign would suggest meningitis?
• How is Cerebral Palsy classified?
• Which posterior fossa tumor generally has the best prognosis?
• Which finding would most strongly suggest a neurological etiology for a language impairment rather than a developmental language disorder?
• Identify two imaging modalities and their roles in pediatric neurodiagnosis, including radiation considerations.
• How does hydrocephalus typically present in infants compared with older children?
• What is the prognosis after complete surgical resection of a pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma?
• Which statement about the differences between the Glasgow Coma Scale and the pediatric coma scale is true?
• Which statement best describes the impact of early intervention on education?
• Which statement about MRI safety is true?
• Which finding is not an indication of increased intracranial pressure in an infant?
• List common etiologies of neonatal seizures and a key imaging choice in the first hours of life.
• Which statement about the etiology of neural tube defects is accurate?
• Which statement best describes Moyamoya disease in children, including diagnosis and treatment?
• What is a hallmark clinical feature of Guillain-Barré syndrome in children?
• How should the nurse explain positioning for a lumbar puncture to a 5-year-old child?
• Which combination best represents a comprehensive rehabilitation plan described by neuropsychology?
• Which imaging modality is used to diagnose Moyamoya disease and visualize collateral networks?
• Which of the following is NOT among the major risk factors for cerebral palsy?
• Which term describes a patient remaining in a deep sleep, responsive only to vigorous and repeated stimulation?
• What are the typical EEG findings in infantile spasms and the clinical syndrome they define?
• Which statement best describes radiation considerations in pediatric neuroimaging?
• Describe typical semiology and EEG finding of Rolandic (centrotemporal) epilepsy.
• Genetic testing in pediatric epilepsy evaluation helps primarily with which purpose?
• A Glasgow Coma Scale assessment shows the following: opens eyes spontaneously, obeys commands, and is oriented to person, time, and place. What is the score?
• Which combination describes the Cushing triad associated with raised intracranial pressure?
• Which combination of findings are typical signs of increased intracranial pressure in infants?
• A neuropsychological assessment in pediatric brain injury is described as evaluating multiple domains to guide rehabilitation planning. Which of the following is NOT a role of neuropsychology?
• Folic acid supplementation is recommended during which period to reduce neural tube defects?
• Why is early growth and development assessment important in children with neurocutaneous syndromes such as tuberous sclerosis?
• An infant with hydrocephalus is hospitalized for surgical placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Which intervention should the nurse include in postoperative care?
• Optic pathway glioma is most strongly associated with which condition?
• What is the typical MRI pattern seen after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy?
• Which value is considered normal for intracranial pressure (ICP)?
• What are common side effects of valproic acid in pediatric patients and a major safety concern?
• In pediatric cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, which imaging modality confirms the diagnosis, and what is a key treatment consideration if there is no contraindicating hemorrhage?
• What is the recommended approach to follow-up after pediatric meningitis?
• Which of the following is a common postoperative sign that could indicate a shunt complication?
• How can the nurse determine if drainage from a head injury is cerebrospinal fluid?
• Which EEG pattern is characteristic of infantile spasms?
• What is the primary focus of neuropsychology in pediatric brain injury rehabilitation?
• Where do pilocytic astrocytomas most commonly occur in children?
• What is the role of therapeutic hypothermia in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy?
• Which screening tool is cited as an example for developmental surveillance in infants?
• In the United States, the vector reservoir for agents causing viral encephalitis is which of the following?
• Brudzinski's sign indicates which of the following?
• Which action should the nurse avoid to prevent increasing intracranial pressure after craniotomy?
• Which feature best characterizes Moyamoya arteriopathy?
• How is cerebral palsy classified?
• What is the main surgical treatment option for Moyamoya disease in children?
• What is the most appropriate nursing response about the cause of a newborn with myelomeningocele?
• Which imaging modality is commonly used to visualize collateral networks in Moyamoya disease?
• What is the GMFCS and how is it used in cerebral palsy management?
• Distinguishing motor pattern between spastic CP and dyskinetic CP?
• What is an early sign of increased intracranial pressure?
• Which pupil finding is most indicative of brainstem damage?
• A child is unconscious after a head injury and develops a fixed and dilated pupil. This finding is most appropriately interpreted as which?
• Which imaging modality is preferred for evaluating pediatric brain tumors due to superior soft tissue contrast?
• Which metabolic disorder is a classic inborn error of metabolism that can cause cerebral dysfunction and requires dietary management?
• The nurse concerned about increased intracranial pressure in an infant should assess for which sign?
• Define pediatric status epilepticus and outline first-line emergency treatment.
• Which two perinatal brain injuries predispose to spastic diplegic cerebral palsy?
• What nursing intervention is used to prevent increased intracranial pressure in an unconscious child?
• A toddler with signs of increased intracranial pressure after brain tumor surgery requires which action first?
• Which electrolyte disturbance is commonly associated with cerebral dysfunction in children?
• Which finding is most characteristic of spastic cerebral palsy?
• In a 2-week-old infant with irritability, rapid head growth, and distended scalp veins, which diagnosis is most likely?
• A child cries to painful stimuli, withdraws from pain, and opens the eyes to painful stimuli. What is the Glasgow Coma Scale score?
• Which statement about long-term care for a child with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is correct?
• What are common complications after pediatric traumatic brain injury, and how are they mitigated?
• What EEG pattern is most characteristic of typical absence seizures in children?
• Which pair of pathogens are commonly involved in meningitis in older children?
• What are the recommended benzodiazepine rescue routes and dosing considerations for pediatric acute seizure management?
• Which conditions should be considered in the differential diagnosis for a child with new focal neurologic deficits and fever?
• Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies to NMDA receptor. What are typical pediatric clinical features?
• Which tools are commonly used for developmental screening in pediatrics?
• Which of the following is a common etiology of neonatal seizures?
• The results of a neuropsychological assessment are used to...
• Genetic testing in pediatric epilepsy evaluation is most helpful in which scenarios?
• Which metabolic disturbance commonly causes cerebral dysfunction in children?
• The Glasgow Coma Scale assesses which components?
• Which posterior fossa tumor in the cerebellum is well-circumscribed and typically cystic with a mural nodule and has a good prognosis?
• In a patient who has sustained a head injury, which finding would most likely indicate deterioration?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes pediatric MS from ADEM?
• What is the most common problem seen in children born with a myelomeningocele?
• Postoperative shunt placement for hydrocephalus: which position should the nurse place the child?
• What is the primary purpose of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt?
• Which pediatric brain tumor most commonly presents with obstructive hydrocephalus?
• Which drug would be used to treat increased intracranial pressure (ICP) resulting from cerebral edema?
• Which finding most strongly suggests raised intracranial pressure in a child?
• In pediatric brain injury rehabilitation, which statement best describes the role of neuropsychology?
• Which statement about CT scanning preparation for a child is correct?
• The plan for a school-age child with bacterial meningitis should include which of the following?
• Which statement best describes a simple febrile seizure?
• Burst-suppression on EEG is most commonly seen in which clinical context?
• What information should the nurse give a child who is to have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain?
• Which of the following is NOT a Cerebral Palsy distribution category?
• Which result would best show mannitol was effective in decreasing intracranial pressure?
• Which pair correctly describes two metabolic disorders that can present with seizures in infancy and a diagnostic clue for each?
• Which motor pattern is characteristic of spastic cerebral palsy?
• Which imaging modality avoids radiation but may require sedation and is often preferred for detailed CNS imaging when feasible?
• Kernig's sign is associated with meningitis and indicates meningeal irritation; what does a positive Kernig's sign involve?
• An appropriate nursing intervention when caring for an unconscious child should be to:
• Which finding would suggest hydrocephalus in a neonate?
• Early intervention is most strongly linked to which outcome?
• Which of the following is a typical presenting symptom of pilocytic astrocytoma?
• Which action may be beneficial in reducing the risk of Reye's syndrome?
• In a comatose child with multiple injuries, which statement is true about pain?
• Morning headaches and papilledema in a child suggest elevated intracranial pressure and point toward hydrocephalus or a mass lesion rather than primary migraine.
• Which of the following is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure in children?
• In suspected meningitis, which CSF profile best differentiates bacterial from viral meningitis?
• Childhood absence epilepsy typically begins in which age range, and what is the usual treatment response?
• Which term describes a child's level of consciousness when aroused with stimulation?
• Which set of symptoms best describes common signs of concussion in children?
• Which CSF laboratory finding is NOT expected in bacterial meningitis?
• Which of the following is a recognized contributor to pediatric stroke risk?
• Which signs are typical of shunt malfunction in a child with hydrocephalus?
• Hypsarrhythmia is diffuse disorganized EEG pattern seen in which condition, and its prognosis and treatment implications?
• Which imaging feature is more characteristic of pediatric multiple sclerosis than acute disseminated encephalomyelitis?
• Which pediatric brain tumor is associated with the optic pathway and commonly presents with decreased vision and proptosis?
• How many functional domains are typically considered in a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation for pediatric brain injury?
• In the ED management of suspected pediatric brain injury, what are the core steps?
• Which action should be taken first when meningitis is suspected in a child upon admission?
• Which combination of symptoms constitutes red flags prompting urgent imaging for pediatric brain tumors?
• In a 10-year-old child, which is most consistent with increased intracranial pressure?
• What is the typical clinical course of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in children?
• For a male client with suspected increased intracranial pressure, the most appropriate respiratory goal is to
• Which sign is most indicative of shunt malfunction in a child with hydrocephalus after shunt revision?
• Which tumor arises in the fourth ventricle and commonly presents with hydrocephalus and calcifications?
• Which medication class is commonly effective for treating childhood absence seizures?
• The ketogenic diet in pediatric epilepsy management is best described as:
• The nurse has received report on four children. Which child should the nurse assess first?
• What is the most common pediatric brain tumor?
• In caring for a child with Reye's syndrome, what is the priority nursing intervention?
• After shunt placement for hydrocephalus, what level of activity is generally permitted for most children?
• What is the typical motor developmental milestone at 12 months and its clinical significance when delayed?
• An early intervention program is said to maximize developmental potential. What does this imply?
• In suspected bacterial meningitis, what is the recommended sequence of steps?
• Which statement best captures the emphasis of pediatric neurological examination compared with adults?
• The pediatric coma scale differs from the Glasgow Coma Scale in that it includes which of the following?
• Which of the following headaches in a child is a red flag warranting neuroimaging?
• Which statement best describes how early intervention influences family functioning?
• Which assessment battery is specifically designed for evaluating infant and toddler development?
• A discharge teaching scenario: which statement indicates additional teaching is needed?
• Early intervention improves long-term outcomes in which areas?
• Which genetic/metabolic disorders commonly present with cerebral dysfunction in children?
• What finding should cause the nurse to suspect spastic cerebral palsy?
• Which of the following constitutes a red flag headache in a child?
• A Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 indicates the client is
• Early intervention is most directly associated with improvements in which domains?
• Which posterior fossa tumor may show cerebellar peduncle involvement on imaging?
• Which pediatric-specific sign may be emphasized during a comprehensive pediatric neurological examination?
• What are the key differences between hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis and obstructive hydrocephalus due to a mass?
• Which seizure type is most characteristic of Rolandic epilepsy?
• If intracranial pressure is rising, which of the following trends in vital signs would you expect?
• Which statement explains why Pepto-Bismol is contraindicated in suspected Reye's syndrome?
• What is described as the most common cause of new-onset seizures in children?
• Which of the following is a sign of meningeal irritation?
• Postoperative care for an infant who had a myelomeningocele repair should include which measurement?
• Compare spastic and dyskinetic cerebral palsy in terms of underlying neuropathology, typical motor signs, and associated comorbidities.
• How does the pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale differ from the adult version?
• Which of the following is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure in an infant?
• Which scenario most strongly prompts neuroimaging in a child with headache?